RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease

Surowiec Agnieszka, Wołowiec Łukasz, Rogowicz Daniel, Kałużny Krystian, Surowiec Justyna, Tarczykowska Agata, Krakowska Alicja, Zukow Walery. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowych = RDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(7):453-460. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20975http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%287%29%3A453-460https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/590771http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20975Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 15.07.2015. RDW – nowy marker dla chorób sercowo-naczyniowychRDW - a new marker for cardiovascular disease Agnieszka Surowiec1, Łukasz Wołowiec1, Daniel Rogowicz1, Krystian Kałużny2, Justyna Surowiec3, Agata Tarczykowska4, Alicja Krakowska2, Walery Zukow5 1Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;2Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu;3Studenckie Koło Naukowe Anatomii Topograficznej Człowieka, Katedra Anatomii Człowieka, Międzynarodowy Uniwersytet Medyczny w Ivano- Frankivsku;4Studenckie Koło Naukowe Biomed, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz;5Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy; Słowa kluczowe: RDW, marker, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe.Key words: RDW, marker, cardiovascular diseases. StreszczenieRozpiętość rozkładu objętości erytrocytów (red cell distribution width - RDW) jest wskaźnikiem zmienności wielkości krwinek czerwonych (anizocytoza). Krwinki czerwone zazwyczaj mają standardową wielkość, ale zaburzenia prowadzące do nieskutecznego procesu erytropoezy lub sytuacje zwiększonego niszczenia krwinek czerwonych doprowadzają do większej różnorodności w wielkości krwinki czerwonej, co przekłada się na wzrost wskaźnika RDW. RDW jest parametrem rutynowo oznaczanym w praktyce klinicznej jako część morfologii krwi, jest obecnie stosowany jako pomoc w diagnostyce różnicowej anemii. W celu poprawy stratyfikacji ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych identyfikacja nowych markerów prognostycznych może zapewnić poznanie dokładnej patofizjologii tych chorób oraz dać nowe możliwości terapeutyczne. Aktualnie szereg różnych parametrów i markerów biologicznych jest wykorzystywana do tworzenia modeli w celu przewidywania przeżycia pacjenta z daną chorobą sercowo-naczyniową. Najnowsze dane sugerują również, że RDW może być istotnym prognostycznie markerem dla śmiertelności długoterminowej w szeregu chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego, w tym choroby wieńcowej, zawału mięśnia sercowego, niewydolności serca, udaru mózgu, nadciśnienia płucnego i choroby tętnic obwodowych.AbstractRed cell distribution width (RDW) is an index of the variation in red cells size (anisocytosis). Usually, red blood cells have a standard size, but disorders leading to ineffective erythropoiesis or situations of increased red blood cell destruction cause greater heterogeneity in red blood cell size, with a higher RDW value. Red cell distribution width is routinely measured in clinical practice as part of the automated complete blood count. Red cell distribution width is currently used as a diagnostic aid in the differential diagnosis of anemia because it reflects variability in the size of circulating erythrocytes. Higher values reflect greater heterogeneity in erythrocyte cell sizes.To improving risk stratification, identification of new prognostic markers may provide insight into underlying pathophysiology or suggest avenues for therapeutic development. To date, a wide variety of clinical variables and biological markers have been used to create predictive models for survival in patients with cardiovascular disease.Recent data also suggest that red cell distribution width also may be a prognostic marker for long-term mortality. This has been particularly well studied in patients with cardiovascular disease, including coronary disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, strokes, pulmonary hypertension and peripheral artery disease

Structure and hyperfine interactions in Aurivillius Bi9Ti 3Fe5O27 conventionally sintered compound

The structure and hyperfine interactions in the Bi9Ti3Fe5O27 Aurivillius compound were studied using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method at various temperatures. An X-ray diffraction analysis proved that the sintered compounds formed single phases at temperature above 993 K. Mössbauer measurements have been carried out at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the Bi9Ti3Fe5O27 compound confirmed its paramagnetic properties. However, low temperature measurements revealed the additional paramagnetic phase besides the antiferromagnetic one

Evaluation of the frequency of e-cigarette usage among high school students and factors that influence vaping. Adolescents’ knowledge of chemical composition of e-cigarettes and side effects

Introduction: E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes, pose a new public health challenge. Their growing popularity and availability have raised concerns about potential health risks for young people. Vaping may also become a new addiction among young people.  Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the popularity of e-cigarette use among high school students and factors that influence vaping. Adolescents' knowledge of chemical composition of e-cigarettes and side effects was analyzed.  Materials and methods: The survey was conducted among 323 people in the age range of 15 to 19 years old. The study group consisted of students from one of the high schools in Krosno. An anonymous online survey was used to conduct the study. Results: 59% of the youth surveyed had tried an e-cigarette. 35,7% of non-smokers say they want to try vaping in the future. Most adolescents start their tobacco initiation with e-cigarettes. 62,2% are passive smokers and regularly inhale the vapor. 89% say it is easy to access e-cigarettes. Young people are aware of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes - 88,2%, and that they should not be used during pregnancy - 97%. Conclusions: High school students are very likely to use e-cigarettes. Every other student has used them actively or passively. Increasing students' awareness of the side effects of vaping and identifying symptoms of addiction. Conversations with a pediatrician and health education lessons at school could have a huge impact on the decrease in e-cigarette usage by the youth

Hyaluronic acid and its use in non-hormonal therapy for the treatment of vaginal atrophy and the level of awareness about the disease itself among the women from the Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid is the ingredient contained in the composition that has the ability to bind water, found in the cornea, synovial fluid and cartilage stroma. Its properties are suitable for use in an increasing range of fields, both aesthetic and in treatments focusing on the treatment of vaginal atrophy. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to collect and analyze publications on the use of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of vaginal atrophy and assessment of the level of knowledge among women about this disease. Materials and methods: The research material was collected using an anonymous online survey. The obtained results were analyzed and verified on the basis of scientific literaturę and statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel. Results: 59,7% of the respondents knew the term "vaginal atrophy" and 64,2% were able to correctly determine which of the hormones (estrogen) is the main cause of this condition. 59,7% of women indicated that they regularly undergo examinations and perform cytology every year, 29,9% indicated that they have examinations and visits "once in 2 years", 6% - "once in 3 years", the answers "less than once in 3 years” was given by 4,5% of the respondents. 85,7% of the surveyed women have never noticed any symptoms of vaginal atrophy and 85,9% believe that there are effective forms of treating this disorder. Conclusions: Awareness among women about vaginal atrophy, both those with medical education and women in other professions, is at a moderate level. Many women do not talk to their doctor about this not because of the feeling of shame, but also because of the lack of information and preventive measures. The progressive nature of vaginal atrophy should encourage clinicians to routinely engage in an open dialogue with patients about genitourinary health

Awareness and knowledge of the use of folic acid during the procreative period and during pregnancy among women from the Podkarpackie Province

Introduction: Folic acid is of great importance for the proper functioning of the human body. It has a major impact on the metabolism of amino acids, nucleic acids and plays a special role in tissues where intensive cell division takes place. Its deficiency in pregnant women may contribute to neural tube defects in the foetus. Elimination of the causes of deficiency and adequate folate supplementation are recommended. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among adult women from the Podkarpackie Province regarding the use of folic acid during the procreative period and pregnancy. Materials and methods: A total of 436 women of different ages participated in the study conducted in June 2023. The study group consisted of women from the Podkarpackie Voivodeship over 18 years of age. Material for the study was collected using an anonymous author's online questionnaire. The results obtained were analysed and compared with the literature available in the PubMed database. Results: The questions with the highest number of correct answers concerned the possible consequences of lack of supplementation and the period of pregnancy during which the fetus is at risk of developing neural tube defects. Questions concerning the ability of the intestinal microflora to synthesise folic acid and the recommended period to start supplementation before the planned pregnancy proved problematic. Education was shown to significantly affect the level of knowledge about folic acid. Summary: The level of knowledge about folic acid among women in the Podkarpackie voivodship is satisfactory. However, it is still necessary to educate women of reproductive age and inform them about the potential consequences of not supplementing this compound during pregnancy. Education should rest not only with the gynaecologist, but also with the primary care physician

Botulinum toxin type A in treatment of chronic migraine, spasticity and bruxism

Introduction: Nowadays, botulinum toxin has found use in many disease entities such as chronic migraine, spasticity, bruxism and many others. Among serotypes A-E, type A is mainly used in treatment. For the therapeutic effect to be maintained, injections need to be repeated most often after 12 weeks. More frequent injections of the toxin may result in the production of neutralizing antibodies. Aim of the study: The aim was to collect and analyze publications of application of botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) in the treatment of chronic migraine, spasticity and bruxism. Methods and materials: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database using the key words: “botulinum toxin”; “migraine”; “spasticity”; “bruxism”. Results: The use of botulinum toxin type A in patients with chronic migraine reduces the frequency of pain episodes and alleviates the symptoms. BT-A therapy reduces increased muscle tension, resulting in improved function of the upper or lower limb, facilitating the rehabilitation process, reducing pain associated with spasticity and protecting against the development of muscle contractures and secondary joint deformities. BT-A treatment of patients with bruxism reduces the level of pain and the maximum generated bite force, resulting in an improved quality of life for patients. Conclusion: Intramuscular administration of botulinum toxin is a  safe, effective and minimally invasive method of treating  chronic migraine, spasticity and bruxism. The botulinum toxin type A is the most studied serotype used for therapeutic purposes. Future research on botulinum toxin will certainly allow wider use

Causes of depressive disorders and their degree and severity among high school students

Introduction: Depressive disorders are common in children and adolescents, but often go undiagnosed. They are associated with serious consequences, as well as with serious impairments both in terms of personal and social life, increasing the risk of suicide and psychoactive substance abuse.   Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the most common factors causing depressive disorders and to assess their frequency and severity among adolescents.   Materials and methods:The study was conducted in one of the secondary schools in Krosno. 316 students (245 girls, 71 boys) aged 15 to 19 participated in the study. The results of 27 questions on depressive disorders were obtained using an anonymous online questionnaire.   Results: Among 316 students, as many as 40.5% do not know whether they suffer from depressive disorders, while 12% are sure of it, of which 71% have started treatment. However, sadness and depression as well as loss of interest and pleasure from doing favorite activities lasting 2 weeks or more, as well as a sense of worthlessness and lower self-esteem reach over 27% of students. The study shows that 15% of students may be undiagnosed. Suicidal thoughts occur in 44.9% of the respondents. 6.3% of students have attempted suicide and 2.8% want to take their own lives.   Conclusions: Depressive disorders are a common problem among hight school studnets. The most common disorders coexisting with depression in the examined adolescents were eating disorders. Increased awareness of depression symptoms among adolescents, parents, school psychologist and family doctor is a key element for diagnosis and therapy

What women should know about emergency contraception - analysis of women's awareness and experiences after its use

Introduction: Emergency contraception is a method of contraception instigated when the other ones have failed or after unprotected sex. Although highly effective, it is subject to the risk of side effects. Aim of the study: The purpose was to assess the women's knowledge regarding emergency contraception methods and to analyze the experience related to the use of levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate. Materials and methods: The research was done by conducting an anonymous online survey. The study took place in May 2023 and included 214 women over 15 years of age. The results were analyzed in Excel with a consideration of scientific literature. Results: 64.5% of women indicated correctly what emergency contraception is, 13.1% misunderstood its definition. 86% of respondents were unaware that the emergency contraception could be used for up to 120 hours after sex. 45% of women who used emergency contraception had difficulties obtaining a prescription. 35% of those surveyed indicated that they had side effects, the two most commonly reported being nausea and fatigue. Conclusions: Most women know the definition of emergency contraception, however, the vast majority of the respondents failed to specify how soon the emergency contraception shall be implemented after the intercourse. A large percentage of women reported difficulties in obtaining a prescription for emergency hormonal contraceptives. Therefore, the society should be better educated when it comes to emergency contraception and further actions should be implemented to improve its availability

Harmful and beneficial effects of UV radiation and photoprotection - knowledge among medical students and non-dermatology physicians.

Introduction: Exposure to UV radiation promotes skin damage, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Photoprotection reduce the negative effects of ultraviolet rays. However, ultraviolet light has some beneficial effects like the production of vitamin D. It is also used in the treatment of some skin diseases. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of medical students and non-dermatology physicians on the harmful and beneficial effects of UV radiation and photoprotection. Materials and methods: The research material was collected using an anonymous online survey. The obtained results were analyzed and verified on the basis of scientific literature and statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel. Results: 95.3% of respondents believe that knowledge about the effects of radiation is important in medical practice and 98.8% can name at least one skin cancer whose risk factor is UV radiation. All of respondents believe that UVR affects the aging of the skin. 77.8% of respondents know the meaning of the term "SPF". 81.9% are aware that UVB radiation affects the synthesis of vitamin D and 72.0% can indicate at least two dermatoses in which phototherapy is used. Conclusion: Medical students and doctors have a lot of knowledge about the effects of UV radiation and it is important in their medical practice. Increasing awareness about radiation, forms of sun protection and a more thorough physical examination can have a significant impact on patient health. Great vigilance and noticing a suspicious change accelerates the start of treatment and determines the success of the therapy

Knowledge of women and men about human papillomavirus infection, HPV–related diseases and the available vaccine

Introduction: Worldwide, there are over 660 million men and women who are HPV carriers. This virus is responsible for cancer, i.e. cancer of the anal canal, head and neck region, penis and the most common - cervical cancer, whose early stages are completely curable, and in stage IV, the survival rate does not exceed 10%. That is why prevention is so important and vaccinations for both sexes. Aim: The aim of the study was to check the awareness of society, both women and men and men, on the HPV virus - the way it spreads, the diseases it causes and the possibilities of preventing infection, as of the date of entry into force in Poland of the program of free preventive vaccinations for girls and boys aged 12 and 13. Material and methods: The study was conducted in the form of an anonymous online survey containing 21 questions. It was attended by 396 adults. Results: 80% of the population is unaware of how common HPV infection is. 33% of men believe that it occurs 8 times less often than it actually does, and that having an infection protects against another infection. Only 1/5 of women are aware of the risks. Only 15.15% of the respondents know the correlation between cervical cancer and the presence of the virus. 25% of women are not aware of free cytology. Only half of the respondents know about the free HPV vaccination program. 1/3 of people think that only girls should be vaccinated. Conclusions: Public awareness of HPV is insufficient. Men showed greater knowledge than women, and in general people with offspring had the lowest knowledge. This shows that the information campaign related to preventive vaccinations should be carried out on a much larger scale, as they are the most effective method of protecting both women and men